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A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
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Synchronization on complex networks of networks.

Renquan Lu, Wenwu Yu, Jinhu Lu

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
    |October 21, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces pinning synchronization for complex networks of networks. It identifies low and high-degree nodes as optimal targets for pinning controllers to achieve synchronization.

    Area of Science:

    • Complex Systems
    • Network Science
    • Control Theory

    Background:

    • Investigates synchronization in complex systems composed of interconnected subnetworks.
    • Defines 'networks of networks' as a structure where subnetworks and their connections act as nodes and interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design pinning controllers for selected nodes within each subnetwork to achieve synchronization.
    • To establish criteria for successful pinning control in networks of networks.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of theoretical criteria for pinning control.
    • Design of a pinning scheme identifying strategic node selection.
    • Analysis of the proposed scheme's robustness against attacks.

    Main Results:

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    • Identified nodes with very low and very large degrees as effective targets for pinning controllers.
    • Established synchronization criteria for networks of networks.
    • Demonstrated the robustness of the pinning scheme.

    Conclusions:

    • Pinning control is a viable strategy for achieving synchronization in complex networks of networks.
    • Node degree is a critical factor in selecting effective pinning controller locations.
    • The proposed scheme offers a robust approach to network synchronization.