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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.0K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

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[MRI evaluation of the olfactory pathway].

Xutao Miao, Jia Liu, Yong Wei

    Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
    |October 22, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) precisely visualizes the olfactory system, aiding in diagnosing smell dysfunction causes like sinusitis and trauma. Advanced MRI techniques reveal olfactory pathway details, assisting in prognosis assessment.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Olfactory Neuroscience
    • Radiology

    Context:

    • The olfactory system is crucial for smell perception.
    • Olfactory dysfunction can significantly impact quality of life.
    • Accurate diagnosis of olfactory disorders is often challenging.

    Purpose:

    • To highlight the utility of MRI in evaluating the olfactory system.
    • To detail specific MRI targets within the olfactory pathway.
    • To correlate imaging findings with common causes of olfactory dysfunction.

    Summary:

    • MRI scanning, utilizing specialized parameters, effectively visualizes fine structures of the olfactory pathway, including the olfactory cleft, bulb/tract, sulcus, and center.
    • The technique aids in identifying characteristic imaging presentations of olfactory dysfunction caused by chronic rhino-sinusitis, head trauma, congenital dysplasia, and neurodegenerative diseases.

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    Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
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  • Beyond lesion detection, MRI offers insights into the etiology and prognosis of olfactory disorders.

    • Impact:

    • Enhances diagnostic accuracy for olfactory dysfunction.
    • Provides etiological information for various olfactory disorders.
    • Assists in predicting the prognosis of olfactory impairments.