Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

The Fluid Mosaic Model

156.7K
The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
156.7K
Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

166
A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
166
Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions01:29

Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions

124
Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...
124
Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

120
The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
120
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

15.9K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
15.9K
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

14.3K
Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
14.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Landau-de Gennes modeling of confinement effects and cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystals.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Surface nematic uniformity.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Neural network-based tensor models for liquid crystals with molecular-level information.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

How smectic-A and smectic-C liquid crystals resolve confinement-induced frustration in spherical shells.

Soft matter·2024
Same author

Topological defects as nucleation points of the nematic-isotropic phase transition in liquid crystal shells.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Particle-based and continuum models for confined nematics in two dimensions.

Soft matter·2024
Same journal

Inverse FIP effect plasma in the solar atmosphere: a synthesis of current understanding and new insights from AR 11967.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Signs of sulfur fractionation under high magnetic field strength.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

First ionization potential fractionation of sulfur observed with spectral imaging of the coronal environment.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Chromospheric dynamics and turbulence regulate the solar FIP effect.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Exploring the link between wave activity in the photospheric velocity driver and the FIP bias in the solar corona.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same journal

Radiative hydrodynamic simulations of first ionization potential fractionation in solar flares.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

8.2K

Perspectives in active liquid crystals.

Apala Majumdar1, Marchetti M Cristina2, Epifanio G Virga3

  • 1Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK a.majumdar@bath.ac.uk.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|October 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active soft matter, a new field, is explored through active liquid crystals. This research bridges theory and experiment, covering topics from spontaneous flows to defect dynamics in non-equilibrium systems.

Keywords:
active colloidsactive liquid crystalsdefect dynamicsmulti-scale modellingspontaneous flows

More Related Videos

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

12.5K
Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

8.2K
Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

12.5K
Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Non-equilibrium systems
  • Active liquid crystals

Background:

  • Active soft matter is an emerging field with broad applications.
  • Active liquid crystals represent a key area within this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the emerging field of active soft matter.
  • To highlight recent advances in active liquid crystals.
  • To bridge theoretical and experimental approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical frameworks for passive and active nematics.
  • Analysis of spontaneous flows and defect dynamics.
  • Integration of microscopic and continuum descriptions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of rich behavior in active liquid crystals.
  • Connection between spontaneous activity and biological activation.
  • Interdisciplinary perspectives spanning theory and experiment.

Conclusions:

  • Active liquid crystals offer a promising platform for studying non-equilibrium phenomena.
  • The field is rapidly evolving with significant potential.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand these complex systems.