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Autistic empathy toward autistic others.

Hidetsugu Komeda1, Hirotaka Kosaka2, Daisuke N Saito2

  • 1The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan, Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-2710, USA, Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, Koyamacho-Minami, Tottori City 680-8551, Japan, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan, Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan komeda.hidetsugu.5w@kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|October 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical brain activity during empathy tasks. Their brains activate differently when processing autistic characters compared to typically developing individuals, suggesting unique empathy mechanisms.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderempathyselfsimilarityventromedial prefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often associated with deficits in self-awareness and empathy.
  • Previous research used stimuli not tailored for individuals with ASD, potentially limiting findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate self-relevant processing and empathy in individuals with and without ASD.
  • To explore neural network differences during social cognition tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized judgment tasks designed to index self-relevant processing.
  • Compared brain activity (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus) in high-functioning ASD and typically developing (TD) adults.
  • Matched participants on age and intelligence quotient scores.

Main Results:

  • Significant activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in individuals with ASD for autistic characters, and in TD individuals for non-autistic characters.
  • TD individuals showed a ventromedial prefrontal cortex-superior temporal gyrus network for non-autistic characters.
  • Individuals with ASD utilized an alternative network when processing autistic characters.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest an atypical form of empathy in individuals with ASD, particularly towards others with ASD.
  • Neural processing of social stimuli differs between individuals with and without ASD.
  • This study highlights the importance of tailored stimuli in understanding ASD-related cognitive functions.