Distributions of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion and Spectroscopy Measures with Traumatic Brain Injury

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated that measures of altered metabolism and axonal injury can be detected following traumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the distributions of altered image parameters obtained by these methods in subjects with a range of injury severity and to examine their relative sensitivity for diagnostic imaging in this group of subjects. DTI and volumetric magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging data were acquired in 40 subjects that had experienced a closed-head traumatic brain injury, with a median of 36 d post-injury. Voxel-based analyses were performed to examine differences of group mean values relative to normal controls, and to map significant alterations of image parameters in individual subjects. The between-group analysis revealed widespread alteration of tissue metabolites that was most strongly characterized by increased choline throughout the cerebrum and cerebellum, reaching as much as 40% increase from control values for the group with the worse cognitive assessment score. In contrast, the between-group comparison of DTI measures revealed only minor differences; however, the Z-score image analysis of individual subject DTI parameters revealed regions of altered values relative to controls throughout the major white matter tracts, but with considerable heterogeneity between subjects and with a smaller extent than the findings for altered metabolite measures. The findings of this study illustrate the complimentary nature of these neuroimaging methods.