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The Causes and Consequences of Childhood Encephalitis in Asia

Philip N Britton1, Gulam Khandaker, Robert Booy

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. philip.britton@health.nsw.gov.au.

Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|October 23, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Japanese encephalitis virus and enterovirus 71 are common causes of brain inflammation in Asian children. This review highlights key viral encephalitis etiologies, epidemiology, and outcomes, identifying public health priorities.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Encephalitis, characterized by brain inflammation and/or infection, poses a significant health burden in Asian children.
  • Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a primary cause, but other viruses like enteroviruses (EV71), dengue, and influenza are also prevalent.
  • Emerging viral threats such as Nipah, chikungunya, and Chandipura viruses contribute to the complex landscape of pediatric encephalitis in Asia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, epidemiology, and outcomes of encephalitis in Asian children.
  • To identify critical public health priorities and research needs for managing encephalitis in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of encephalitis in Asian children.
  • Analysis of etiological agents, epidemiological trends, and patient outcomes.
  • Synthesis of findings to inform public health strategies.

Main Results:

  • Japanese encephalitis virus and enterovirus 71 are leading causes of viral encephalitis in Asian children.
  • Rabies remains a significant cause of mortality, indicating preventable cases.
  • Emerging viruses like Nipah and chikungunya represent growing concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the diverse etiologies and epidemiology of encephalitis is crucial for effective prevention and treatment in Asian children.
  • Public health initiatives should focus on vaccination, early diagnosis, and addressing emerging infectious threats.
  • Further research is needed to improve outcomes and reduce the burden of encephalitis.

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