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Aberrant phenotypes in Kikuchi's disease.

Xue-Jing Wei1, Xiao-Ge Zhou1, Jian-Lan Xie1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100050, China.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology
|October 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Aberrant T-cell antigen loss, previously thought to indicate malignancy, is common in Kikuchi

Keywords:
Kikuchi’s diseaseT cell lymphomadifferential diagnosishistiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitispan-T cell antigens

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Aberrant T-cell antigen loss is often indicative of malignant T-cell proliferation.
  • Distinguishing benign T-cell conditions from T-cell lymphoma can be challenging due to immunophenotypic similarities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and patterns of pan-T cell antigen loss in Kikuchi's disease.
  • To determine if T-cell antigen loss is a reliable marker for differentiating Kikuchi's disease from T-cell lymphoma.

Main Methods:

  • EliVision immunohistochemical staining was performed on 38 cases of Kikuchi's disease and 30 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH).
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement analysis using PCR was conducted on a subset of Kikuchi's disease cases.
  • Antigen expression patterns, including CD5, CD7, CD2, and CD3, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A high frequency (73.7%) of aberrant T-cell antigen loss was observed in Kikuchi's disease cases.
  • CD5 loss was the most common deficiency, followed by CD7, CD2, and CD3.
  • Antigen loss was more pronounced in the necrotizing type of Kikuchi's disease.
  • TCR gene rearrangement was negative in tested Kikuchi's disease cases.
  • Significant pan-T cell antigen loss was not observed in RLH cases.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct patterns of T-cell antigen loss are present in Kikuchi's disease.
  • T-cell antigen loss is not a reliable auxiliary diagnostic marker for T-cell lymphoma.
  • The findings challenge the assumption that T-cell antigen loss solely indicates malignancy.