Indolent T-lymphblastic proliferation: report of a case involving the upper aerodigestive tract

T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBP) is a high-grade malignant lymphoma, which possesses the characteristic of high metastasis and high mortality without treatment. We are presenting a special T-lymphoblastic proliferation involving in the oropharynx, nasopharynx, sinus and trachea in a patient with local involved about 15-years without systemic dissemination. The immunophenotype of this case was similar to T-LBP. The proliferous cells were positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), CD3, and appeared co-expression CD4 and CD8. No clonal rearrangements of TCRγ and/or TCRβ gene were detected. Indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferations rarely occurred or unusually could not be diagnosed, combing with the relevant literature and clinically indolent manifestation, we interpreted this case as indolent T-lymphoblastic proliferation (iT-LBPs). So far, the mechanism of the T-lymphoblastic proliferations is still uncertain and requires further study.