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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

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Published on: June 12, 2020

Clock face drawing test performance in children with ADHD.

Ahmad Ghanizadeh¹, Salar Safavi², Michael Berk³

¹Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience

|October 23, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Clock Face Drawing Test (CDT) shows lower performance in children with ADHD. Specifically, placing numbers and hands are more sensitive indicators for screening ADHD than drawing contours or centers.

Keywords:

Assessment Attention Deficit Disorder with Clock Face Drawing Test Diagnosis Hyperactivity Psychometrics

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Area of Science:

Neurodevelopmental disorders
Child psychology
Cognitive assessment

Background:

The diagnostic utility of the Clock Face Drawing Test (CDT) for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) remains unclear.
This study aimed to investigate the discriminatory performance of the CDT in children diagnosed with ADHD compared to neurotypical controls.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare Clock Face Drawing test performance between children with ADHD and a control group.
To identify specific subscales of the CDT that are most sensitive to ADHD-related deficits.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 95 children with ADHD and 191 controls, matched for age and gender, completed three clock-drawing tasks.
ADHD symptom severity was assessed using the DSM-IV ADHD checklist, and intellectual functioning was evaluated.
Performance was measured using Contour, Numbers, Hands setting, and Center scores.

Main Results:

Children with ADHD consistently scored lower on all CDT subscales compared to controls.
Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not correlated with free-drawn clock scores.
On a pre-drawn contour task, inattentiveness correlated with the Numbers score, but not other variables.
No significant associations were found between ADHD symptoms and CDT subscales on the pre-drawn clock task.
Free-drawn and pre-drawn contour tasks showed more errors than the pre-drawn clock task.

Conclusions:

Placing Numbers and setting Hands on a clock are more sensitive screening measures for ADHD than Contour and Center drawing.
CDT performance, excluding Hands setting, may reach a developmental plateau by a certain age.
Hand setting deficits in children with ADHD might persist from ages 8 to 14.
The complexity of the CDT task influences performance in children with ADHD.