Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 21, 2026
10:12
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Replication and Infectivity
Published on: June 14, 2024
2.8K
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and cancer
Raj Kumar Yadav1, Soo-Wan Chae1, Hyung-Ryong Kim2
1Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Korea.
Journal of Cancer Prevention
|October 23, 2014
Summary
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are linked to cancer development and therapy resistance. Understanding UPR
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein folding, maturation, and cellular homeostasis.
- ER stress, triggered by various factors, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR).
- The UPR can restore homeostasis or initiate cell death.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of different UPRs in tumorigenesis.
- To explore the involvement of UPR in cancer therapy resistance.
- To elucidate the UPR's function in the tumor microenvironment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on ER stress, UPR, and cancer.
- Analysis of UPR pathways in cancer development.
- Examination of UPR's role in therapeutic resistance.
Main Results:
- ER stress and UPR are implicated in cancer initiation and progression.
- UPR contributes to the unique tumor microenvironment.
- UPR acts as a resistance mechanism against cancer therapies.
Conclusions:
- The UPR plays a significant role in tumorigenesis.
- UPR pathways are key mediators of resistance to cancer therapy.
- Targeting UPR may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway
5.7K
Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
5.7K
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
520
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
520
01:31Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
2.2K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.2K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
3.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.6K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
1.4K
1.4K
01:37The Unfolded Protein Response
5.5K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
5.5K