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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

16.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
16.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.8K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.8K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

131
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
131
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.3K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.3K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.4K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
47.4K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

104
Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
104

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Related Experiment Video

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Solid-solid phase transformations induced through cation exchange and strain in 2D heterostructured copper sulfide

Don-Hyung Ha1, Andrew H Caldwell, Matthew J Ward

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), §School of Applied and Engineering Physics, ∥Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.

Nano Letters
|October 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We created novel nanocrystal heterostructures with tunable atomic layers via cation exchange. This process induces unique solid-solid phase transformations in copper sulfide, offering new control over material properties.

Keywords:
2D heterostructureCation exchangecopper sulfidediffusionphase transformationplasmonic

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Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
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Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanocrystals (NCs) offer unique properties due to their high surface area.
  • Cation exchange is a common method for synthesizing NCs with controlled composition.
  • Heterostructured NCs with multiple materials offer enhanced functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate dual interface formation in NCs via cation exchange.
  • To create epitaxial heterostructures within spherical NCs.
  • To investigate solid-solid phase transformations during cation exchange in NCs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of heterostructured NCs using cation exchange.
  • Tuning the thickness of the inner-disk layer to achieve 2D atomic layers.
  • In-situ characterization of phase transformations during cation exchange.

Main Results:

  • Achieved tunable, 2D single atomic layers (<1 nm) in heterostructured NCs.
  • Observed solid-solid phase transformation of copper sulfide (Cu1.81S to Cu1.94S/Cu2S) during ZnS formation.
  • Identified strain-induced phase transformation back to Cu1.81S for optimal interface epitaxy.

Conclusions:

  • Dual interface formation and tunable layer thickness achieved in NCs.
  • Cation exchange drives unique solid-solid phase transformations in heterostructured NCs.
  • Provides a new pathway for controlling phases and understanding nanoscale phase transitions.