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Related Concept Videos

Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

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DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
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Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

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Dysmenorrhoea.

Pallavi Manish Latthe1, Rita Champaneria

  • 1Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|October 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review examines pharmacological treatments for primary dysmenorrhea. It found evidence on contraceptives, NSAIDs, progestogens, and simple analgesics for managing menstrual pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Pharmacology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is a common condition affecting up to 20% of women.
  • It can manifest early after menarche or develop later in life due to underlying causes.
  • Severe dysmenorrhea can significantly disrupt daily activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of pharmacological treatments for primary dysmenorrhea.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various drug classes for managing menstrual pain.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library up to December 2013.
  • Inclusion of eight studies meeting predefined criteria.
  • GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.

Main Results:

  • Eight studies were included in the review.
  • GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence.
  • Information on effectiveness and safety was compiled for key interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Contraceptives (combined oral), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intrauterine progestogens, and simple analgesics (aspirin, paracetamol) were evaluated.
  • The review synthesizes evidence on these pharmacological options for primary dysmenorrhea management.