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Related Concept Videos

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Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under...
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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

An Inexpensive Adaptation of a Commercial Microwave Reactor for Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis
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Early engineering approaches to improve peptide developability and manufacturability.

Jennifer L Furman1, Mark Chiu, Michael J Hunter

  • 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California, 92121, USA.

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Summary

Early analysis of therapeutic peptide sequence and properties is crucial for successful drug development. Assessing liabilities like posttranslational modifications and degradation pathways early improves manufacturability and efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Development
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Therapeutic peptide properties vary widely, unlike monoclonal antibodies.
  • Peptide sequence analysis can identify risks like posttranslational modifications and degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of early assessment of peptide liabilities.
  • To guide effective decision-making in peptide therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Sequence analysis for potential adverse posttranslational modifications (e.g., deamidation, oxidation).
  • Biophysical and functional assessment of peptide liabilities.
  • Evaluation of disulfide bond complexity and proteolytic degradation.
  • Consideration of manufacturing routes.

Main Results:

  • Early identification of liabilities like asparagine deamidation, aspartic acid isomerization, and oxidation of methionine, tryptophan, and cysteine is critical.
  • Proteolytic degradation significantly impacts peptide half-life and efficacy.
  • Complex disulfide bonds present manufacturing challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive assessment of peptide developability and manufacturability early in discovery enhances downstream success.
  • Addressing sequence-related liabilities and degradation pathways optimizes the drug discovery process for therapeutic peptides.