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Related Concept Videos

Operant Conditioning01:21

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Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
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Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
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Value and probability coding in a feedback-based learning task utilizing food rewards.

Elizabeth Tricomi1, Karolina M Lempert2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey etricomi@rutgers.edu.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|October 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain processes reward value in the ventral striatum and reward probability in the dorsal striatum (caudate and putamen). This research clarifies how the striatum integrates value and probability for decision-making.

Keywords:
caudatefMRInucleus accumbensreward processingstriatum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Behavioral consequences guide actions by representing outcome-related information.
  • Negative feedback can stem from unexpected non-rewards or low-value outcomes.
  • Differentiating between probability and value is crucial for understanding behavioral guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the striatum's role in processing probability-based versus value-based negative feedback.
  • To differentiate the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of reward value and reward probability.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine brain activity.
  • Participants associated cues with food rewards, with one food outcome devalued via selective satiety.
  • Brain activity was analyzed for various feedback conditions: expected rewards, devalued outcomes, omissions, and expected omissions.

Main Results:

  • Nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum) showed greater activation for rewarding outcomes than devalued outcomes, but not correlated with probability.
  • Right caudate and putamen (dorsal striatum) activation was highest for rewarding outcomes versus expected omissions.
  • Dorsal striatum activity parametrically increased with the probability of reward receipt.

Conclusions:

  • The ventral striatum is sensitive to the subjective value (motivational relevance) of outcomes.
  • The dorsal striatum encodes a complex signal integrating both reward probability and value.
  • Integration of value and probability in the dorsal striatum may facilitate action planning and effort allocation.