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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
Published on: July 8, 2025
Levetiracetam improves disinhibitory behavior in nonconvulsive status epilepticus
Kazuhiko Yamamuro1, Hiroki Yoshino1, Kentaro Tamura2
1Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522 Nara Japan.
Background:
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a severe medical condition and heterogeneous disorder defined by different seizure types and diverse etiologies. NCSE occurs commonly in the elderly and is potentially misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disorder. Current treatment options for NCSE are still unsatisfactory.
Case Presentation:
We report a case of NCSE in a 55-year-old epileptic male patient with a history of infectious encephalitis, disinhibitory behavior, and a suspected diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. Add-on levetiracetam (LEV) to carbamazepine treatment improved clinical manifestations and abnormal electroencephalographic discharge.
Conclusion:
With disinhibitory behavior in the elderly, the possibility of NCSE should be considered. Moreover, LEV may be an effective and well-tolerated pharmacotherapy for elderly NCSE patients.
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