Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.3K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.3K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

28.5K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
28.5K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

8.2K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.2K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

4.5K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
4.5K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

33.4K
Overview
33.4K
Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

8.7K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Superficial Temporal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Secondary to a Galeal Hook: A Case Report.

Journal of neurological surgery reports·2026
Same author

Mechanistic Links Between DNA Methylation and Protein Translation and Their Impacts on Brain Development.

Biology·2026
Same author

Metformin Treatment Shows Beneficial Effects on RTT-Associated Phenotypical Deficits in <i>Mecp2</i> T158M Male Mice.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Dose dependent paradoxical increases in DNA methylation, reductions in p16 expression, and changes in histone modifications in gastric cancer cells treated with DNMT inhibitors.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2026
Same author

From chromosomal protein disorder to chromatin phase separation.

Epigenetics & chromatin·2026
Same author

A Developmental Study of MeCP2 with Core and Linker Histones Indicates a Dynamic Change During Adolescent Brain Development in a Region- and Strain-Specific Manner in Mice.

Biomolecules·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

10.4K

DNA modifications: function and applications in normal and disease States.

Vichithra R B Liyanage1, Jessica S Jarmasz2, Nanditha Murugeshan3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada. umbatuwi@myumanitoba.ca.

Biology
|October 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications like 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) regulate gene expression and are crucial in brain development. These DNA marks also play roles in detecting diseases such as type 2 diabetes and Rett syndrome.

More Related Videos

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins
08:12

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins

Published on: January 8, 2018

13.5K
Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
07:13

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry

Published on: August 16, 2016

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

10.4K
Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins
08:12

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins

Published on: January 8, 2018

13.5K
Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry
07:13

Detection of Modified Forms of Cytosine Using Sensitive Immunohistochemistry

Published on: August 16, 2016

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetics involves heritable gene expression changes without altering DNA sequence.
  • Chemical modifications to DNA and proteins are key epigenetic regulators.
  • DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is linked to gene silencing and splicing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in gene regulation.
  • To explore the involvement of these epigenetic marks in brain development.
  • To discuss the utility of 5mC and 5hmC in diagnosing pathological states.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current studies on DNA modifications.
  • Analysis of high-resolution DNA methylation mapping data.
  • Examination of research on 5hmC formation by ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins.

Main Results:

  • 5mC is found in exons and intron-exon junctions, suggesting a role in RNA splicing.
  • 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is generated from 5mC by TET proteins.
  • Epigenetic modifications are implicated in brain development and various diseases.

Conclusions:

  • 5mC and 5hmC are critical epigenetic regulators of gene expression.
  • These DNA modifications are involved in normal brain development.
  • Aberrant epigenetic patterns are associated with type 2 diabetes, Rett syndrome, and developmental disorders.