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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
Published on: January 28, 2020
Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema in two triathletes: a novel pathophysiological explanation
Helen Casey1, Amardeep Ghosh Dastidar1, David MacIver2
1Department of Cardiology, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton TA1 5DA, Somerset, UK.
Abstract:
Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema/edema (SIPO/SIPE) is likely to become commoner with increasing popularity of endurance sports meaning an increased awareness by participants, organisers and medical personnel is important, especially as individuals are at increased risk of future life threatening episodes and drowning if an accurate diagnosis and appropriate advice are not given. The most important risk factors we identified are a highly trained individual, competitive exercise, hypertension and cold environment.
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