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TAS2R bitter taste receptors regulate thyroid function.

Adam A Clark1, Cedrick D Dotson2, Amanda E T Elson3

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Program in Toxicology.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|October 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs) sense bitter compounds and regulate thyroid hormone production by affecting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling. These findings reveal TAS2Rs as potential therapeutic targets for thyroid disorders.

Keywords:
G protein-coupled receptorT2Riodidethyrocytethyroxine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are crucial for metabolism, development, and body composition.
  • Dysregulation of T3/T4 production can lead to various health issues, necessitating the identification of novel regulatory mechanisms.
  • Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs), known for detecting bitter compounds, have emerged as potential regulators beyond taste perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TAS2Rs in regulating thyroid hormone production.
  • To determine if TAS2Rs expressed in thyrocytes influence thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-mediated signaling pathways.
  • To explore the potential of TAS2Rs as therapeutic targets for thyroid dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to confirm TAS2R expression in human and mouse thyrocytes and a human thyrocyte cell line (Nthy-Ori 3-1).
  • Experiments involved stimulating Nthy-Ori 3-1 cells with TAS2R agonists to measure changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and iodide efflux.
  • A human cohort was analyzed to assess the association between TAS2R42 gene polymorphism and serum T4 levels.

Main Results:

  • Human and mouse thyrocytes express multiple TAS2Rs.
  • TAS2R agonists significantly reduced TSH-dependent Ca2+ increases and iodide efflux in thyrocytes in a dose-dependent manner.
  • A TAS2R42 polymorphism was correlated with elevated serum T4 levels in humans, suggesting a link between TAS2Rs and thyroid hormone levels.

Conclusions:

  • TAS2Rs in thyrocytes can modulate thyroid hormone production by influencing TSH signaling.
  • These receptors may play a role in a protective mechanism against the ingestion of toxic substances.
  • TAS2Rs represent novel druggable targets for managing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.