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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
Published on: November 22, 2019
Passively mode-locking erbium-doped fiber lasers with 0.3 nm single-walled carbon nanotubes
Xintong Xu1, Jianpang Zhai1, Ling Li1
1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, Shenzhen University 518060, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
We demonstrate a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) by using the smallest single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with a diameter of 0.3 nm as the saturable absorber. These ultrasmall SWNTs are fabricated in the elliptical nanochannels of a ZnAPO₄-11 (AEL) single crystal. By placing an AEL crystal into an EDFL cavity pumped by a 980 nm laser diode, stable passive mode-locking is achieved for a threshold pump power of 280 mW, and 73 ps pulses at 1563.2 nm with a repetition rate of 26.79 MHz.

