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Updated: Apr 21, 2026
Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
Published on: October 10, 2025
Surgical technique for lumbar intervertebral disc transplantation in a goat model
Jun Xiao1, Yong-Can Huang, Stephen K L Lam
1Department of Joint Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Purpose:
Fresh-frozen intervertebral disc transplantation was determined to be an effective treatment for degenerative disc diseases in rhesus monkeys and in humans. Further research in improving different aspects of disc allografts transplantation is needed and will be investigated in large animal models. This study reports the detailed surgical technique of intervertebral disc transplantation without internal fixation and the important notes to ensure success in goats.
Methods:
Fifty-one male goats were used in this study. Ten goats were used as intervertebral disc allograft donors; the remaining forty-one goats were used to develop the surgical technique for intervertebral disc allograft transplantation. Radiographs, ex vivo MRI and gross observation were used to monitor the stability and healing of the disc allografts at 3 months, postoperatively.
Results:
Size matching of the disc allograft, preservation of the anterior longitudinal ligament and an appropriate portion of the annulus fibrosus at the recipient site were crucial for stable graft retention. Additionally, a slightly reduced height of the disc allograft compared to that of the recipient slot may avoid graft endplate fracture.
Conclusions:
Lumbar intervertebral disc transplantation without internal fixation can be successfully performed in goats.
