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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

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Neural changes with attention bias modification for anxiety: a randomized trial.

Jennifer C Britton1, Jenna G Suway2, Michelle A Clementi2

  • 1Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146 USA, Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742 USA, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92120 USA, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA, and School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146 USA, Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742 USA, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92120 USA, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204 USA, and School of Psychological Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel j.britton@miami.edu.

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|October 27, 2014
PubMed

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Genetic underpinnings of callous-unemotional traits and emotion recognition in children, adolescents, and emerging adults.

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines·2019
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Development of inhibitory control during childhood and its relations to early temperament and later social anxiety: unique insights provided by latent growth modeling and signal detection theory.

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Consequences of Not Planning Ahead: Reduced Proactive Control Moderates Longitudinal Relations Between Behavioral Inhibition and Anxiety.

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The genetic and environmental structure of fear and anxiety in juvenile twins.

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Summary

Attention bias modification (ABM) training reduced social anxiety symptoms by altering amygdala activation patterns. Active ABM, unlike placebo, showed distinct neural changes, with left amygdala activity predicting symptom improvement.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention bias modification (ABM) is a behavioral intervention known to reduce anxiety.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying ABM's effectiveness, particularly in social anxiety, remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural changes associated with active versus placebo ABM in individuals with high social anxiety symptoms.
  • To identify brain regions and baseline neural activity that predict symptom reduction following ABM.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy adults (n=53) with high social anxiety symptoms were randomized to active or placebo ABM using a dot-probe task during fMRI.
  • Threat-related attention bias and amygdala activation were measured before and after acute and 4-week extended training.
Keywords:
amygdalaanxietyattention trainingdot-probefMRItreatment

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  • Linear regression analyzed group differences in neural activation and predictors of symptom reduction.
  • Main Results:

    • Active and placebo ABM groups showed distinct patterns of right and left amygdala activation.
    • Greater left amygdala activation at baseline predicted greater symptom reduction across all participants.
    • After controlling for baseline activation, assignment to the active ABM group was associated with greater symptom reduction.

    Conclusions:

    • ABM, particularly active training, induces neural changes in the amygdala that correlate with reduced social anxiety symptoms.
    • Baseline left amygdala activation is a potential biomarker for treatment response to ABM.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the brain-behavior mechanisms of ABM.