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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
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Epigenetic modification in neuropathic pain.

Hiroshi Ueda, Hitoshi Uchida1

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan. ueda@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|October 28, 2014
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Summary

Epigenetic modifications, like DNA methylation and histone changes, are key to understanding negative symptoms in neuropathic pain. These mechanisms offer potential new therapeutic targets for treating this difficult condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Neuropathic pain presents complex positive and negative symptoms, often resistant to standard treatments.
  • While positive symptoms are well-researched, the mechanisms behind negative symptoms remain unclear.
  • Altered gene expression in the nervous system is implicated in neuropathic pain, but transcriptional regulation is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic gene regulation in neuropathic pain, with a focus on negative symptoms.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic mechanisms as therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications) in the nervous system.
  • Analysis of studies linking epigenetic regulation to pain sensitivity and drug efficacy in neuropathic pain models.
  • Discussion of the implications of epigenetic therapies for neuropathic pain treatment.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone alterations, are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression in the nervous system.
  • Emerging evidence suggests these epigenetic mechanisms contribute to both altered pain perception and treatment response in neuropathic pain.
  • Specific epigenetic changes are linked to the development and maintenance of negative symptoms, such as hypoesthesia.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic gene regulation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, particularly its negative symptoms.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms represent a promising avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain.
  • Further research into epigenetic modifications could lead to more effective treatments for patients refractory to current therapies.