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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies
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Exercise training and DNA methylation in humans.

S Voisin1, N Eynon, X Yan

  • 1Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|October 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Exercise significantly impacts DNA methylation, influencing gene expression and trainability. This review summarizes how physical activity alters DNA methylation across various tissues and genes.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigeneticsexercisesporttraining

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Trainability, the response to exercise, has a significant heritable component.
  • Epigenetic signals, like DNA methylation, modulate gene expression and influence traits beyond genetics.
  • Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing human DNA methylation patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between DNA methylation and physical activity in humans.
  • To consolidate findings from studies investigating exercise-induced changes in DNA methylation.
  • To provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these epigenetic modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies focusing on physical activity and DNA methylation.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on human studies examining the influence of exercise on DNA methylation status.
  • A total of 25 relevant papers were critically reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Both acute and chronic exercise interventions significantly alter DNA methylation.
  • Exercise-induced DNA methylation changes are highly specific to tissue type and gene.
  • Evidence suggests exercise influences DNA methylation through various molecular pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity is a potent modulator of DNA methylation in humans.
  • Understanding exercise-induced epigenetic changes is crucial for optimizing trainability and health.
  • Future research should further elucidate the mechanisms and implications of exercise on DNA methylation.