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Reduced executive and default network functional connectivity in cigarette smokers.

Barbara J Weiland1, Amithrupa Sabbineni, Vince D Calhoun

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.

Human Brain Mapping
|October 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Smokers show reduced brain connectivity in executive control and default mode networks compared to non-smokers. This decreased functional connectivity, particularly in key brain hubs, is linked to chronic nicotine use and may hinder smoking cessation efforts.

Keywords:
cigarettedefault mode networkexecutive control networkfunctional connectivitynicotineresting statesmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Altered brain functional connectivity is linked to nicotine use.
  • Specific networks, including executive control (ECN) and default mode (DMN) networks, are implicated in the addiction cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare ECN and DMN connectivity between smokers and non-smokers.
  • To investigate the relationship between chronic cigarette consumption and network connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify the right and left executive control networks (RECN/LECN) and DMN.
  • Data from 650 participants (452 smokers, 198 non-smokers) were analyzed.
  • Statistical analyses controlled for age and alcohol consumption.

Main Results:

  • Smokers exhibited significantly lower connectivity strength in the LECN and DMN compared to non-smokers.
  • Reduced connectivity in smokers was observed at critical network hubs, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal nodes.
  • ECN connectivity strength was negatively correlated with the number of pack-years smoked.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic nicotine use detrimentally affects functional connectivity within brain control networks.
  • These connectivity alterations may contribute to the challenges smokers face when attempting to quit.
  • Findings highlight potential neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and cessation difficulties.