Antibacterial resistance: an emerging 'zoonosis'?

Area of Science:

• Environmental science
• Microbiology
• Public health

Background:

• Antibacterial resistance (ABR) is a significant global health concern.
• Animal bacteria, both commensal and pathogenic, are implicated in the maintenance and spread of ABR genes.
• Transmission of resistant bacteria from animals to humans is a known issue.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the broader implications of antibacterial resistance beyond direct animal-to-human transmission.
• To emphasize the significance of the environmental resistome in the context of ABR.
• To identify selective pathways driving the emergence of antibacterial resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing data on ABR.
• Analysis of the role of environmental factors in ABR.
• Exploration of evolutionary and ecological principles governing resistance.

Main Results:

• The environmental resistome represents a vast reservoir of resistance genes.
• Specific environmental conditions and selective pressures contribute to the emergence and proliferation of ABR.
• Understanding these pathways is crucial for predicting future trends.

Conclusions:

• Addressing ABR requires a holistic approach, considering environmental reservoirs and selective pressures.
• Future strategies must incorporate environmental surveillance and mitigation efforts.
• Proactive measures are essential to prepare for the evolving challenge of antibacterial resistance.