[Glucosyltransferase (GTF) and immunization against dental caries in humans]

Glucosyltransferase (GTF) is an extracellular or cell-associated enzyme synthesized by the "mutans" group of streptococci as well as the S. sanguis and is responsible for the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharides. Glucan formation in dental plaque mediates binding of S. mutans and S. sanguis to one another as well as to other bacteria. Although the production of organic acids is an indispensable property of the cariogenic strains of bacteria, their ability to stick and accumulate on tooth surfaces is an almost equally significant parameter of virulence. Furthermore, GTF has been proven to be an effective antigen in eliciting caries-protective secretory IgA antibodies in rodent models. That led to the identification of GTF as a potential antigen for use in a human caries vaccine. The results of recent studies suggest that oral immunization with GTF, has the potential to elicit a secretory IgA antibody response and to interfere with accumulation and permanent colonization of S. mutans on smooth tooth surfaces. However, it cannot be inferred from the available data whether such a vaccine is effective in caries prevention in human beings. Although many modifications seem to be necessary with regard to the composition, dose, frequency and route of administration of the antigen, the preparation of a safe and effective vaccine against human caries is considered to be feasible in the near future.