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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
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Functional interactions between NURF and Ctcf regulate gene expression.

Zhijun Qiu1, Carolyn Song1, Navid Malakouti1

  • 1Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|October 29, 2014
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Summary

The nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) subunit Bptf regulates distinct gene sets across cell types. Bptf interacts with CTCF and cohesin to control gene expression and nucleosome occupancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Chromatin-remodeling complexes are crucial for gene expression.
  • These complexes are often assumed to target common genes across different cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the Bptf subunit of the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) regulates a common set of genes across diverse cell types.
  • To explore the role of Bptf in nucleosome occupancy and its interaction with other regulatory factors.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide expression profiling to identify Bptf-regulated genes.
  • Analysis of nucleosome occupancy at nucleosome-free regions (NFRs).
  • Reporter assays to assess regulatory activity at CTCF binding sites.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to examine physical interactions between Bptf, CTCF, and cohesin.

Main Results:

  • Bptf predominantly regulates a unique set of genes in different cell types, challenging the assumption of common targets.
  • Bptf is essential for regulating nucleosome occupancy at NFRs, particularly those bound by CTCF and cohesin.
  • Bptf physically interacts with CTCF and the cohesin subunit SA2, and its function at CTCF sites is required for gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • NURF, through its Bptf subunit, plays a cell-type-specific role in gene expression.
  • Bptf's regulation of gene expression involves interactions with CTCF and cohesin at specific binding sites.
  • These findings highlight a mechanism of gene regulation involving chromatin remodeling and key architectural proteins.