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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
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Related Experiment Video

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Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
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Antibiotic-induced neurotoxicity.

Shamik Bhattacharyya1, Ryan Darby, Aaron L Berkowitz

  • 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA, sbhattacharyya3@partners.org.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|October 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotic neurotoxicity is a rare but serious side effect, particularly in older patients or those with kidney or neurological issues. This review details common nervous system toxicities like seizures and neuropathy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotic neurotoxicity is an uncommon adverse effect associated with antibiotic use.
  • It can lead to significant patient morbidity and healthcare burden.
  • Certain patient populations, including the elderly and those with renal impairment or pre-existing neurological conditions, are at higher risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations of antibiotic-induced neurotoxicity.
  • To identify the most frequent neurological adverse effects associated with antibiotic therapy.
  • To provide clinicians with information for recognizing and managing these rare but serious conditions.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • Literature search was conducted on antibiotic neurotoxicity.
  • Clinical features of common neurotoxicities were extracted and synthesized.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotic neurotoxicity presents with diverse neurological symptoms.
  • Common manifestations include seizures, encephalopathy, optic neuropathy, and peripheral neuropathy.
  • Antibiotics can also exacerbate pre-existing conditions like myasthenia gravis.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic-induced neurotoxicity, though rare, necessitates clinical awareness.
  • Prompt recognition and management are crucial for mitigating morbidity.
  • Understanding risk factors can aid in prevention and early detection.