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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Genetic background of extreme violent behavior.

J Tiihonen1, M-R Rautiainen2, H M Ollila3

  • 11] Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland [3] National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.

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|October 29, 2014
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Summary

Genetic factors, including the MAOA low-activity genotype and the CDH13 gene, are linked to extreme violent behavior in Finland. These genes may explain 5-10% of severe violent crimes, highlighting their role in criminal etiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Criminology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Violent crime is often committed by a small group of offenders.
  • No specific genes have been identified for violent offending or severe violent behavior like homicide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic underpinnings of extreme violent behavior.
  • To identify specific genes associated with recidivistic violent offending.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two independent cohorts of Finnish prisoners.
  • Genotyping for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) low-activity genotype and the CDH13 gene.

Main Results:

  • A low-activity MAOA genotype and the CDH13 gene were associated with extremely violent behavior (≥10 offenses).
  • These genetic associations were specific to violent offending, not linked to substance abuse or antisocial personality disorder.
  • MAOA and CDH13 genotypes may account for 5-10% of severe violent crime in Finland.

Conclusions:

  • Low monoamine metabolism and neuronal membrane dysfunction are potential etiological factors in extreme criminal violence.
  • Specific genetic profiles (MAOA and CDH13) are implicated in severe violent offending.
  • Genetic predispositions may contribute significantly to the prevalence of violent crime.