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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
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Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

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DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

26
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
26
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

4
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Autophagy in diabetic nephropathy.

Yan Ding1, Mary E Choi2

  • 1Division of Nephrology and HypertensionJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Box 3, New York, New York 10065, USA.

The Journal of Endocrinology
|October 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) impairs cellular

Keywords:
autophagydiabetes mellituskidneymacroautophagynephropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease globally.
  • Diabetes prevalence is rising, necessitating novel therapeutic targets for DN.
  • Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is crucial for kidney homeostasis but is impaired in DN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of autophagy's role in diabetic kidney injury.
  • To explore how cellular metabolism and stress pathways in diabetes affect autophagy.
  • To assess autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for DN.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on autophagy in renal cells, human tissues, and animal models of diabetes.
  • Analysis of nutrient-sensing pathways and diabetes-induced metabolic alterations impacting autophagy.
  • Examination of the interplay between autophagy, TGF-β, and renal fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy impairment is implicated in DN pathogenesis.
  • Diabetes-associated factors like oxidative stress, ER stress, and hyperglycemia modulate autophagy.
  • Autophagy and TGF-β signaling are linked to renal fibrosis in DN.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulated autophagy contributes significantly to diabetic kidney injury.
  • Restoring or activating autophagy may offer renoprotective benefits.
  • Targeting autophagy presents a promising therapeutic strategy for DN.