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Mycoplasma Contamination of Cell Cultures: Vesicular Traffic in Bacteria and Control over Infectious Agents
V M Chernov1, O A Chernova1, J T Sanchez-Vega2
1Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo Str., 2/3, 1420111, Kazan, Russia ; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str., 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
Abstract:
Cell cultures are subject to contamination either with cells of other cultures or with microorganisms, including fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Mycoplasma contamination of cell cultures is of particular importance. Since cell cultures are used for the production of vaccines and physiologically active compounds, designing a system for controlling contaminants becomes topical for fundamental science and biotechnological production. The discovery of extracellular membrane vesicles in mycoplasmas makes it necessary to take into consideration the bacterial vesicular traffic in systems designed for controlling infectious agents. The extracellular vesicles of bacteria mediate the traffic of proteins and genes, participate in cell-to-cell interactions, as well as in the pathogenesis and development of resistance to antibiotics. The present review discusses the features of mycoplasmas, their extracellular vesicles, and the interaction between contaminants and eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, it provides an analysis of the problems associated with modern methods of diagnosis and eradication of mycoplasma contamination from cell cultures and prospects for their solution.
Insights
Mycoplasma contamination threatens cell cultures, impacting vaccine production. Understanding bacterial extracellular vesicles is key to developing new diagnostic and eradication strategies for these persistent contaminants.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Cell Biology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Cell cultures are vital for research, vaccine production, and biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
- Mycoplasma contamination poses a significant threat to cell culture integrity and experimental validity.
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles play roles in pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics of mycoplasmas and their extracellular vesicles.
- To examine the interaction between mycoplasma contaminants and eukaryotic cells.
- To analyze current challenges and future solutions for mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of mycoplasma biology and extracellular vesicles.
- Analysis of diagnostic and eradication methods for mycoplasma contamination.
- Discussion of host-pathogen interactions involving mycoplasmas.
Main Results:
- Mycoplasmas utilize extracellular vesicles for intercellular communication and pathogenesis.
- Existing diagnostic and eradication methods for mycoplasma contamination have limitations.
- Bacterial vesicular traffic must be considered in contaminant control systems.
Conclusions:
- Effective control of mycoplasma contamination requires novel approaches considering bacterial vesicle function.
- Further research into mycoplasma extracellular vesicles can lead to improved detection and elimination strategies.
- Addressing mycoplasma contamination is crucial for reliable biotechnological production and scientific research.
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