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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

5.0K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
5.0K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

5.5K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
5.5K
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

33.2K
The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
33.2K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.7K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.7K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

15.8K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
15.8K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

16.8K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
16.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

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Evaporative deposition in receding drops.

Julian Freed-Brown1

  • 1Department of Physics, The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. jfreedbrown@uchicago.edu.

Soft Matter
|October 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a framework to analyze fluid stains left by evaporating drops. This model predicts a unique "mountain-like" stain morphology, differing from typical coffee rings, by tracking receding contact lines.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Drying drops often leave characteristic
  • coffee ring
  • stains due to fluid transport and solute deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical framework for calculating the surface density profile of stains deposited by drops with receding contact lines.
  • To investigate the resulting stain morphology.

Main Methods:

  • A mathematical framework was developed to model the surface density profile.
  • The model considers a thin, circular drop with a uniform evaporation rate and a receding contact line.

Main Results:

  • The surface density profile was found to be η(r) ∝ ((r/a0)(-1/2)-r/a0).

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  • Under these conditions, the deposited stain exhibits a "mountain-like" morphology, contrasting with the typical coffee ring effect.

    • Conclusions:

    • The developed framework accurately predicts stain morphology for receding contact lines.
    • This approach can be extended to explore diverse stain patterns formed by drying drops.