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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Identifying Per- and Polyfluorinated Chemical Species with a Combined Targeted and Non-Targeted-Screening High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Workflow
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[Persistant perfluorinated compounds cause immunotoxic effects].

Carsten Heilmann1, Lise Jensen, Pal Weihe

  • 1Afdeling for Miljømedicin, Syddansk Universitet, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense C. pgrand@sdu.dk.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|October 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid may harm the immune system. These industrial chemicals are linked to lower antibody levels in children, suggesting a need for stricter exposure limits.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Immunology
  • Industrial chemical safety

Background:

  • Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widely used industrial chemicals known for their stability.
  • Concerns exist regarding the potential health effects of PFCs, particularly immunotoxicity.
  • Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are common examples of PFCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunotoxic effects of PFOS and PFOA.
  • To assess the relationship between serum concentrations of PFOS/PFOA and immune response in children.
  • To determine necessary reductions in exposure limits for these compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Animal models were used to evaluate immunotoxic effects at relevant serum concentrations.
  • Human studies examined the association between serum PFOS/PFOA levels and antibody concentrations (diphtheria, tetanus) in vaccinated children.
  • Dose-response relationships were considered to propose exposure limit adjustments.

Main Results:

  • PFOS and PFOA demonstrated immunotoxic effects in animal models at serum levels comparable to humans.
  • In children, higher serum concentrations of PFOS/PFOA were inversely associated with antibody levels against diphtheria and tetanus.
  • These findings suggest a significant impact on vaccine-induced immunity.

Conclusions:

  • PFOS and PFOA pose a risk to immune function, even at current human exposure levels.
  • A reduction in exposure limits by at least 100-fold is likely necessary to prevent immunotoxic effects.
  • Immunotoxicity assessment should be integrated into the routine testing of industrial chemicals.