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Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
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Ski-jumpers' performance in a laboratory setting: a 29-year longitudinal study.
Miroslav Janura1, Milan Elfmark, Lee Cabell
1a Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology , Palacky University , Olomouc , Czech Republic.
Journal of Sports Sciences
|October 29, 2014
Summary
Ski jumpers showed decreased body mass index (BMI) and increased lower limb strength and power over time. Adult ski jumpers demonstrated superior maximal relative isometric knee extensor force and vertical jump height compared to younger athletes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
- Human Physiology
Background:
- Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding athlete development in elite sports.
- Anthropometric and motor parameter changes can significantly impact ski jumping performance.
- Tracking these changes over decades provides valuable insights into training adaptations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze longitudinal trends in anthropometric and motor parameters among male ski jumpers.
- To compare developmental trajectories between younger (<18 years) and adult (>18 years) ski jumpers.
- To identify significant changes in body mass index (BMI), knee extensor force, and jump height over time.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 329 male ski jumpers was studied across seven time intervals from 1982 to 2010.
- Participants were categorized by age (≤18 and >18 years) and competitive level.
- Key parameters measured included BMI, maximal relative isometric knee extensor force, reaction time, knee extension time, and vertical jump height.
Main Results:
- Adult ski jumpers exhibited a significant decrease in BMI during specific periods (1982-1993 and 1998-2010).
- Maximal relative isometric knee extensor force increased significantly in adult jumpers in the later intervals (1998-2010).
- Adults consistently showed greater knee extensor force and vertical jump height than younger jumpers.
Conclusions:
- Both young and adult ski jumpers improved lower limb strength and power while reducing BMI over the observed period.
- Adult ski jumpers demonstrated superior strength and power metrics, indicating advanced physiological development.
- These findings highlight significant long-term adaptations in ski jumpers, influenced by age and training.
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