Design considerations for clinical trials of autonomic modulation therapies targeting hypertension and heart failure

Faiez Zannad¹, Wendy Gattis Stough², Felix Mahfoud²+9

• ¹From the Department of Cardiology, INSERM, Center d'Investigation Clinique 9501 and Unité 961, Center Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy University, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (F.Z.); Departments of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC (W.G.S.); Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universtitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany (F.M.); Harvard-MIT Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Cambridge, MA (F.M.); ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Center, The University of Chicago Medicine, IL (G.L.B.); Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.E.K.); CVRx, Inc, Minneapolis, MN (R.S.K., N.Y.); Department of Nephrology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany (H.H.); Department of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (G.M.D.F.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore-Einstein Medical Center, Bronx, NY (I.L.P.); Boston Scientific Corporation, St. Paul, MN (K.S.); Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France (M.A.); Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Hypertension Unit, Paris, France (M.A.); and Inserm CIC 9201, Paris, France (M.A.). f.zannad@chu-nancy.fr.+1