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Related Concept Videos

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

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DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice
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Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery in Diet-Induced Obese Diabetic Mice

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How safe is metabolic/diabetes surgery?

A Aminian1, S A Brethauer, J P Kirwan

  • 1Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism
|October 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is a safe procedure for type 2 diabetes, with complication and mortality rates comparable to common surgeries. Early metabolic surgery may prevent future high-risk procedures.

Keywords:
NSQIPbariatric surgerycardiovascularcomplicationdiabetesgastric bypassmetabolic surgerymorbiditymortalityobesitysafety

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Area of Science:

  • Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
  • Diabetes Management
  • Surgical Quality Improvement

Background:

  • Concerns exist regarding the safety of metabolic/diabetes surgery, despite demonstrated antidiabetic effects of LRYGB.
  • Evaluating the safety profile of LRYGB is crucial for patient and physician confidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the safety and short-term outcomes of LRYGB with other surgical procedures in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • To assess the complication and mortality rates of LRYGB against established benchmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Retrieved data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2007-2012).
  • Included 66,678 patients with type 2 diabetes, with 16,509 undergoing LRYGB.
  • Compared LRYGB outcomes with seven other surgical procedures.

Main Results:

  • LRYGB demonstrated a composite complication rate of 3.4%, similar to laparoscopic cholecystectomy and hysterectomy.
  • The mortality rate for LRYGB was 0.3%, comparable to knee arthroplasty.
  • LRYGB showed significantly better short-term outcomes than coronary bypass, infra-inguinal revascularization, and laparoscopic colectomy.

Conclusions:

  • LRYGB is a safe metabolic surgery option for type 2 diabetes management.
  • Short-term morbidity of LRYGB is similar to common procedures like cholecystectomy and appendectomy.
  • Earlier metabolic surgery intervention can potentially avert the need for higher-risk procedures later in diabetes management.