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Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

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Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: July 26, 2016

Multiple magnetic interactions in A-site-ordered perovskite-structure oxides.

Yuichi Shimakawa¹, Masaichiro Mizumaki

¹Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|October 30, 2014

Summary

New perovskite oxides with copper and iron ions exhibit unusual magnetic properties due to multiple interactions. High-pressure synthesis enabled the discovery of these novel materials with complex magnetic behaviors.

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Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

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Published on: July 26, 2016

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Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

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Published on: July 1, 2013

Area of Science:

Solid State Chemistry
Materials Science
Magnetism

Background:

Perovskite-structure oxides (AA'3B2B'2O12) are a versatile class of materials with tunable properties.
Understanding magnetic interactions in these complex oxides is crucial for developing new magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate multiple magnetic interactions in A-site-ordered perovskite oxides containing copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) ions.
To synthesize and characterize new compounds with this specific structure type and explore their magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

High-pressure synthesis techniques were employed to obtain novel perovskite compounds.
Neutron powder diffraction was used for magnetic structure analysis.
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectra from X-ray absorption experiments provided insights into magnetic interactions.

Main Results:

Several new A-site-ordered perovskite compounds (AA'3B2B'2O12) with Cu and Fe ions were successfully synthesized.
These compounds exhibit unusual magnetic properties stemming from diverse interactions between Cu and Fe ions (A'-A', A'-B, A'-B', B-B, B-B', B'-B').
Magnetic structure analysis confirmed the complex interplay of these interactions.

Conclusions:

The ordered cation arrangement and variable oxidation states at A' and B sites are critical for the observed magnetic phenomena.
These findings contribute to the understanding of magnetic interactions in complex perovskite oxides and pave the way for designing novel magnetic materials.