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Summary
The 1986 Health and Activity Limitation Survey revealed 13% of Canadians have disabilities, with prevalence increasing significantly with age. Mobility impairments were common, and many working-age adults with disabilities faced low incomes.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Disability Studies
- Sociology
Background:
- The 1986 Census of Population provided a foundation for understanding disability prevalence in Canada.
- Previous data on disability was limited, necessitating a comprehensive survey.
- Understanding disability is crucial for public policy and resource allocation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and nature of disabilities in the Canadian population.
- To identify barriers faced by individuals with disabilities in their daily lives.
- To examine the relationship between disability, age, and socioeconomic status.
Main Methods:
- Conducted the first post-censal survey, the Health and Activity Limitation Survey (HALS).
- Sampled 184,500 household residents and 19,100 institutionalized individuals.
- Collected data on disability type, severity, encountered barriers, and income.
Main Results:
- An estimated 3.3 million Canadians (13%) experienced some level of disability.
- Disability prevalence increased with age: 5% (0-14 years), 11% (15-64 years), and 46% (65+ years).
- Mobility disabilities affected approximately 2 million individuals (two-thirds of those aged 15+).
- Among adults aged 15-64 with disabilities, 56% earned under $10,000 in 1985, while 12.5% earned $30,000+.
Conclusions:
- Disability is a significant issue affecting a substantial portion of the Canadian population.
- Age is a major factor in disability prevalence, highlighting the needs of an aging population.
- Disability is associated with significant socioeconomic challenges, particularly low income for working-age adults.