Synthesis of and specific antibody generation for glycopeptides with arginine N-GlcNAcylation

As a unique and unappreciated protein posttranslational modification, arginine N-glycosylation was recently discovered to play an important role in the process that bacteria counteract host defenses. To provide chemical tools for further proteomic and biochemical studies on arginine N-glycosylation, we report the first general strategy for a rapid and cost-effective synthesis of glycopeptides carrying single or multiple arginine N-GlcNAcyl groups. These glycopeptides were successfully utilized to generate the first antibodies that can specifically recognize arginine N-GlcNAcylated peptides or proteins in a sequence-independent manner.