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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

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The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
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Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

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In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
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Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

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Diffusion coefficients in leaflets of bilayer membranes.

Kazuhiko Seki1, Saurabh Mogre2, Shigeyuki Komura3

  • 1NRI, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

We analyzed how friction between bilayer membrane leaflets affects liquid domain diffusion. Increased friction slows diffusion, while its absence leads to unpredictable results, highlighting the importance of interleaflet coupling.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Bilayer membranes consist of two leaflets, each with distinct velocity fields.
  • Interactions between these leaflets create frictional coupling, influencing molecular dynamics.
  • Understanding diffusion within these complex structures is crucial for cell membrane function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of interleaflet friction on diffusion coefficients of liquid domains within bilayer membranes.
  • To derive analytical solutions for diffusion in a two-layered membrane system.
  • To explore the consequences of absent bilayer-solvent coupling on diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of diffusion coefficients for a circular liquid domain.
  • Quantitative analysis of diffusion coefficient dependence on interleaflet friction.
  • Examination of correlated diffusion under varying friction conditions.

Main Results:

  • Analytical results for diffusion coefficients were obtained, considering the two-leaflet structure.
  • Diffusion coefficients were found to depend quantitatively on interleaflet friction.
  • Divergence of diffusion coefficients was observed in the absence of bilayer-solvent coupling, even with interleaflet friction.

Conclusions:

  • Interleaflet friction plays a significant role in modulating diffusion within bilayer membranes.
  • The coupling between the bilayer and surrounding solvents is essential for stable diffusion dynamics.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding diffusion in complex membrane environments.