Mixing and clustering in compressible chaotic stirred flows

Mixing is a fascinating phenomenon in thermodynamics, particularly when considering the Gibbs energy of a mixture at constant temperature and pressure. This energy, denoted as G, tends to decrease during spontaneous mixing processes, offering insights into the composition changes that occur.Imagine two ideal gases, initially separated in different containers, with amounts nA and nB, respectively, both at a temperature T and pressure p. The chemical potentials of these gases have their 'pure'...

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures...