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Exact fluctuation theorem without ensemble quantities.

Gregory Bulnes Cuetara1, Massimiliano Esposito1, Alberto Imparato2

  • 1Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Entropy production (EP) in nonautonomous systems is now measurable from single trajectories, not just ensembles. This study reveals universal fluctuation relations for energy and particles, applicable to electronic junctions and experimentally verifiable.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Entropy production (EP) evaluation typically requires system probability distributions, which are difficult to measure.
  • Existing methods for EP calculation are often limited to equilibrium or specific non-equilibrium conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for evaluating entropy production from single trajectories in nonautonomous systems.
  • To identify universal fluctuation relations for energy and particle transport.
  • To provide a framework for experimental verification using models like electronic junctions.

Main Methods:

  • Deriving EP expressions based on single-trajectory measurable quantities.
  • Utilizing a suitable preparation of the initial condition for the system.
  • Analyzing nonautonomous systems coupled to multiple reservoirs.

Main Results:

  • A novel method to calculate entropy production using only single-trajectory data.
  • Identification of universal energy and particle fluctuation relations.
  • Demonstration of applicability to electronic junction models.

Conclusions:

  • Entropy production in nonautonomous systems can be determined from single-trajectory measurements.
  • Universal fluctuation relations offer new insights into non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • The proposed method and findings are experimentally testable.