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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Precipitation Gravimetry

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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

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Published on: February 22, 2018

Initiation of immersed granular avalanches.

Patrick Mutabaruka¹, Jean-Yves Delenne², Kenichi Soga³

¹LMGC, UMR 5508, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|October 30, 2014

Summary

Avalanches in immersed granular beds are triggered by vanishing dilatancy, with stability enhanced by negative pore pressure above a critical packing fraction.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Geophysics
Material Science

Background:

Granular materials exhibit complex behaviors, especially when immersed in fluids.
Understanding avalanche initiation is crucial for geophysics and material handling.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze avalanche initiation in fluid-immersed granular beds using simulations.
To investigate the role of packing fraction, pore pressure, and dilatancy.

Main Methods:

Coupled molecular dynamics-computational fluid dynamics (MD-CFD) simulations.
Analysis of shear strain, packing fraction, and pore pressures.
Exploration of granular microstructure and contact network anisotropy.

Main Results:

Bed stability increases with packing fraction (>0.59) due to negative excess pore pressure.
Avalanches initiate when dilatancy vanishes, independent of initial conditions.
Internal friction angle depends on inclination, not dilatancy, in fluid-immersed beds.

Conclusions:

Fluid-immersed granular material behavior is influenced by both hydrodynamics and microstructure.
Negative pore pressure and dilatancy play key roles in avalanche initiation and bed stability.
Contact network anisotropy explains the observed friction angle dependence on inclination.