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Dynamics of polymer ejection from capsid.

R P Linna1, J E Moisio1, P M Suhonen1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, P. O. Box 12200, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymer ejection from nanoscale pores is crucial for biotechnology. Introducing pore asymmetry significantly enhances ejection efficiency, mimicking viral mechanisms and enabling out-of-equilibrium processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polymer ejection from capsids is vital for biological processes and biotechnology.
  • Understanding this process aids in developing novel nanotechnological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate polymer ejection from a capsid through a nanoscale pore.
  • To analyze the impact of pore asymmetry on ejection efficiency and dynamics.
  • To compare capsid ejection with driven polymer translocation.

Main Methods:

  • Langevin dynamics simulations were employed to model generic capsid ejection.
  • High-resolution simulations were used to analyze the out-of-equilibrium process.
  • Scaling analysis was performed to determine the relationship between ejection time and polymer length.

Main Results:

  • Without pore asymmetry, ejection often fails, contradicting previous models.
  • Introducing pore asymmetry dramatically enhances polymer ejection efficiency.
  • Ejection times scale with polymer length (τ ∼ N(α)), with the exponent α varying based on internal polymer density.
  • Scaling exponents range from α = 1.33 at low densities to α = 1.21 at intermediate densities, deviating from polymer translocation predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Pore asymmetry is a critical factor for efficient capsid ejection, potentially mimicking viral mechanisms.
  • Capsid ejection is an out-of-equilibrium process similar to driven polymer translocation.
  • The observed scaling behavior highlights the complex interplay between polymer confinement and pore geometry.