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The Auditory Ossicles

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Sound Source Localization Testing in Single-sided Deafness Following Bone Conduction Intervention

Published on: December 20, 2024

Bone anchored hearing aids in children.

Jayesh Doshi¹, Ann-Louise McDermott

¹Department of ENT, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, UK.

Expert Review of Medical Devices

|October 30, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bone-anchored hearing devices have advanced significantly. This review covers their history, surgical techniques, benefits, and specific challenges in children.

Keywords:

bone anchored hearing device hearing aid osseointegration pediatric rehabilitation

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Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

Audiology
Otolaryngology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Bone-anchored hearing devices (BAHDs) offer an alternative for hearing loss.
Technological advancements have improved BAHD efficacy and patient outcomes.

Observation:

This article reviews the historical development of BAHDs.
It details current indications and surgical techniques for BAHD implantation.

Findings:

Evidence supporting the benefits of BAHDs is presented.
Key challenges encountered in the pediatric population are highlighted.

Implications:

Understanding BAHD evolution informs clinical practice.
Addressing pediatric challenges can improve hearing rehabilitation for children.