Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Current state and barriers to global adoption of forensic evaluative reporting of findings given activity-level propositions.

Science & justice : journal of the Forensic Science Society·2025

Same author

Sequence-based autosomal STR characterization in four US populations using PowerSeq™ Auto/Y system.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2020

Same author

Use of standardized bioinformatics for the analysis of fungal DNA signatures applied to sample provenance.

Forensic science international·2020

Same author

The Future of Environmental DNA in Forensic Science.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2019

Same author

SNP model development for the prediction of eye colour in New Zealand.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2013

Same author

FaSTR DNA: a new expert system for forensic DNA analysis.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2008

Same journal

Correction to "The impact of institutional authority on forensic evidence evaluation by criminal justice professionals".

Journal of forensic sciences·2026

Same journal

Estimation of postmortem submersion interval based on microbial community composition in human remains recovered from aquatic environments.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026

Same journal

Prevalence of novel psychoactive substances in selected clinical urine specimens submitted for drug monitoring.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026

Same journal

GenoEye: A machine learning-based framework for the prediction of intermediate eye color phenotypes.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026

Same journal

Sharp force trauma analysis without animal bones: A proposal for sustainable and ethical bone proxies.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026

Same journal

Absolute dating of modern paper using <sup>14</sup>C bomb peak data of the paper fibers.

Journal of forensic sciences·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Accurate and Phenol Free DNA Sexing of Day 30 Porcine Embryos by PCR

Accurate and Phenol Free DNA Sexing of Day 30 Porcine Embryos by PCR

Published on: February 14, 2016

"YFlag"--a single-base extension primer based method for gender determination.

Julia S Allwood¹, Sally Ann Harbison

¹Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR Ltd.), Mt Albert Science Centre, Private Bag 92-021, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.

Journal of Forensic Sciences

|October 31, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The new YFlag DNA test reliably determines gender in forensic analysis, overcoming limitations of the amelogenin test. This sensitive method accurately detects male DNA, even in mixed samples.

Keywords:

DNA analysis Y chromosome amelogenin forensic science sex determination single-base extension

More Related Videos

A Robust Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assay for Quantifying Cytosine-guanine-guanine Trinucleotide Repeats in Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 Gene

A Robust Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assay for Quantifying Cytosine-guanine-guanine Trinucleotide Repeats in Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 Gene

Published on: September 16, 2019

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

Published on: February 23, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Accurate and Phenol Free DNA Sexing of Day 30 Porcine Embryos by PCR

Accurate and Phenol Free DNA Sexing of Day 30 Porcine Embryos by PCR

Published on: February 14, 2016

A Robust Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assay for Quantifying Cytosine-guanine-guanine Trinucleotide Repeats in Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 Gene

A Robust Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Assay for Quantifying Cytosine-guanine-guanine Trinucleotide Repeats in Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 Gene

Published on: September 16, 2019

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

Published on: February 23, 2011

Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

The amelogenin test is standard for DNA gender assignment in forensics.
Y-chromosome deletions can cause false positives with the amelogenin test.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel four-marker YFlag method for accurate gender inference.
To supplement forensic short tandem repeat (STR) profiling by detecting Y-chromosome DNA.

Main Methods:

Utilized single-base extension primers to identify Y-chromosome DNA presence.
Developed a redundant system where one marker suffices for male DNA detection.

Main Results:

The YFlag system demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity.
Detected male DNA at concentrations as low as 0.03 ng.
Successfully identified male DNA in mixtures with excess female DNA.

Conclusions:

The YFlag system is reproducible, specific, and sensitive for forensic applications.
Offers a reliable alternative for detecting male DNA and assigning gender in forensic samples.