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Getting the better of ER stress
Bertrand Mollereau1, Serge Manié, Francesco Napoletano
1Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, University of Lyon, Lyon, France, bertrand.mollereau@ens-lyon.fr.
Low levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress trigger an adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR), known as ER hormesis. This protective mechanism preconditions cells against subsequent lethal insults, offering therapeutic potential for diseases linked to protein misfolding.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Medicine
- Proteostasis Research
Background:
- The unfolded protein response (UPR) mitigates misfolded protein accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
- ER stress adaptation involves enhanced protein folding, autophagy, and antioxidant defenses.
- Severe ER stress induces cell death, but low-level stress has distinct effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physiological and pathological roles of the ER.
- To focus on the molecular mechanisms of ER hormesis and cellular protection.
- To discuss the implications of ER hormesis for disease treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of UPR and ER stress research.
- Analysis of studies on ER hormesis and cellular preconditioning.
- Synthesis of findings on ER function in disease.
Main Results:
- Low-level ER stress activates an adaptive UPR, termed ER hormesis.
- ER hormesis 'preconditions' cells against subsequent lethal stress.
- This adaptive response has implications for diseases involving defective proteostasis.
Conclusions:
- ER hormesis represents a beneficial adaptive response to low-level ER stress.
- Understanding ER hormesis mechanisms is crucial for developing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer.
- Targeting ER hormesis may offer novel therapeutic strategies for proteostasis-related disorders.
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