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Related Experiment Video

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Compartment-specific transcriptomics in a reef-building coral exposed to elevated temperatures.

Anderson B Mayfield1, Yu-Bin Wang, Chii-Shiarng Chen

  • 1National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Houwan Rd., Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan; Living Oceans Foundation, 8181 Professional Place, Suite 215, Landover, MD, 20785, USA.

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Summary

Coral Pocillopora damicornis acclimates to higher ocean temperatures by adjusting Symbiodinium metabolism. This study reveals distinct host and symbiont strategies for surviving thermal stress in reef ecosystems.

Keywords:
Symbiodiniumacclimationcoral reefdinoflagellateendosymbiosisgene expressiontranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Coral Reef Ecology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Rising ocean temperatures pose a significant threat to coral reefs globally.
  • Scleractinian corals, like Pocillopora damicornis, can exhibit acclimation to elevated temperatures.
  • The coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis (Symbiodinium) is crucial for coral survival and is sensitive to thermal stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the subcellular acclimation mechanisms of Pocillopora damicornis and its Symbiodinium endosymbionts to elevated temperatures.
  • To understand the transcriptomic responses of both coral hosts and their symbionts under thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Specimens of Pocillopora damicornis were exposed to control (27°C) and elevated (30°C) temperatures for 36 weeks.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) was sequenced using Illumina technology to create a transcriptome.
  • Differential gene expression analysis was performed on both coral and Symbiodinium RNA.

Main Results:

  • The transcriptome revealed a composition of approximately 60% coral and 40% microbial (Symbiodinium, bacteria) mRNA.
  • Symbiodinium genes showed a significantly higher proportion of differential expression after two weeks of heat exposure compared to coral genes.
  • At elevated temperatures, Symbiodinium upregulated metabolic genes more than the coral host.

Conclusions:

  • Coral Pocillopora damicornis and its Symbiodinium exhibit distinct molecular strategies for acclimating to thermal stress.
  • Symbiodinium plays a key role in the coral's acclimation response by upregulating metabolic pathways.
  • These findings provide insights into coral resilience in the face of projected ocean warming.