Immune markers predictive of neuropsychiatric symptoms in HIV-infected youth

The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible associations between systemic immune dysregulation (activated CD8(+) T lymphocytes and natural killer [NK] cell count/function) and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with horizontally (behaviorally) acquired HIV infection. This secondary analysis of a previously collected prospective cohort included 323 youth with horizontally acquired HIV infection enrolled in the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health (REACH) cohort of the NICHD/NIH. A multivariable linear regression model with generalized estimating equations for intraindividual repeated measures was used to examine the relationship between flow cytometry measurements of activated T lymphocytes (CD8(+) CD38(+)), NK cells (CD3(-) CD16(+) CD56(+)), and NK cell functional activity (lytic units per NK cell and per peripheral blood mononuclear cell) and their association with subsequent symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale) and anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale). Higher measures of NK cell functional activity were associated with fewer anxiety symptoms measured 12 months later in crude and adjusted analyses. Higher counts of activated T cells were associated with fewer depression symptoms measured 12 months later in adjusted analysis. NK cell function and activated T-lymphocyte count may be related to subsequent symptoms of depression and anxiety.