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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
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TMJ in facial class III deformity. Condyle/fossa relations.

Gonzalo Muñoz1, Sergio Olate2, Mario Cantín2

  • 1Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & CIMA Group, Universidad de La Frontera Chile.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|October 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space in patients with Class III dentofacial deformity undergoing orthognathic surgery. Results show symmetrical TMJ spaces, consistent with international findings, indicating no significant changes.

Keywords:
TMJcondyle/fossafacial deformity

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Class III dentofacial deformity often requires orthognathic surgery.
  • Understanding temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology is crucial for surgical planning.
  • Previous research indicates potential TMJ space alterations in such deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the joint space dimensions in the TMJ of individuals with Class III dentofacial deformity.
  • To compare the TMJ joint space between the right and left sides in these patients.
  • To assess the symmetry and characteristics of TMJ spaces in the context of orthognathic surgery indications.

Main Methods:

  • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the TMJ were analyzed.
  • Joint space measurements were taken in coronal and sagittal views (anterior, median, posterior, lateral, medial).
  • Data were collected from 14 subjects and analyzed using a student's t-test for symmetry.

Main Results:

  • The TMJ joint spaces were found to be symmetrical between the right and left sides.
  • Observed differences between the joints were minimal (not greater than 0.2 mm).
  • Measured joint spaces ranged between 1.5 mm and 2 mm, showing sample homogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • The TMJ joint space is symmetrical in patients with Class III dentofacial deformity indicated for orthognathic surgery.
  • No significant deviations in TMJ joint space were observed compared to existing literature.
  • Findings support the normality of TMJ space symmetry in this patient cohort.